A sewage treatment plant is essential for treating wastewater generated by households, industries, and commercial establishments. It removes contaminants, organic matter, and pathogens from sewage through biological, chemical, and physical processes. The treatment process typically consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary stages. In the primary stage, solids and debris are removed. The secondary stage utilizes biological treatment to break down organic matter, while the tertiary stage enhances purification through advanced filtration and disinfection. Modern STPs incorporate energy-efficient solutions, automation, and advanced technologies like Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), and Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) for improved efficiency. These plants play a critical role in environmental protection by preventing pollution, safeguarding water bodies, and enabling water reuse. By treating wastewater effectively, STPs contribute to sustainable urban development and help communities adhere to environmental regulations while promoting public health.